Example of process for recovering vanadium in alumina production process

Bauxite typically from about 0.1% vanadium. In the process of producing alumina by Bayer process, 30% to 40% of vanadium is dissolved, and phosphorus , arsenic , iron, etc. are partially dissolved by sodium salt. The method of removing these impurities is to extract a solution in which V 2 O 5 is concentrated to a certain concentration (about 1 to 2.5 g/LV 2 O 5 ) to precipitate a sodium salt sludge containing V, P, and Fe. The sludge contains V 2 O 5 6% to 20%, and can be used as a raw material for recovering vanadium. Germany, France, Italy, Russia and other countries have such factories.

Figure 1 shows the process for recovering vanadium from bauxite. The first half of the process is the sedimentation process of the sludge. The vanadium-containing sludge is dissolved in water and filtered, and the obtained filtrate can be obtained by an iron salt precipitation method or a calcium salt precipitation method to obtain crude vanadium.

Figure 1 Flow of vanadium recovery from Bayer alkali leaching solution

There are some newly developed methods such as activated carbon adsorption, solvent extraction, etc., and the sludge containing 20% ​​of V 2 O 5 is leached with hot water to obtain a solution containing V 10 g/L. 85 ° C, pH = 2 ~ 3, with activated carbon to adjust the slurry, can adsorb more than 90% of vanadium. Then, the slurry was slurried with ammonia water at 85 ° C for 1 h, and 80% of the vanadium was desorbed into the solution. Finally, vanadium is precipitated with an ammonium salt under acidic conditions.

If solvent extraction is used, a secondary or tertiary amine extractant is used, O/A = 1/4, pH = 1.6, and the temperature is 35 to 40 °C. In the stripping, ammonia water was added at 0.5 mol/L, and O/A was 1.75/1. The stripping solution was further added with ammonium sulfate to obtain ammonium metavanadate precipitation. The final calcination gives V 2 O 5 and the purity is above 99%.

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