Many weak friends have little understanding of the construction drawing design, and there are many problems in the drawing design. This is actually a common problem in the design industry. Many project drawings due to the non-standard design have produced a lot of errors in the project construction period. What are the reasons for the incomplete design of the construction plans? How can we design the construction drawing?
Intelligent system engineering design process
The whole process of the intelligent system engineering design of the construction project is the same as the architectural design. There are three stages of program design, preliminary design and construction drawing design. Intelligent system design and architectural design are the best practice. After the design of the project has been reviewed, it enters the preliminary design. After the preliminary design, it is reviewed and entered into the design of the construction drawing. The construction drawing design document is reviewed by the quality of the relevant department, and then goes to the construction bidding. The deepening of the design is performed by the construction unit (system integrator). The design process is almost done. In the construction process, such as building renovation, function adjustment, and then make some local modifications and improvements.
At present, due to various reasons, except for a few engineering projects that operate according to the above steps, a large number of intelligent system project construction plans for the project are designed by system integrators. As the system integrators participate in the bidding of the intelligent system engineering design, the architectural design drawing of the architectural design institute has been completed. The construction unit is anxious to intelligentize the system construction. The system integrator enters the construction drawing design stage after the project design wins bid. This important stage of design and review is ignored.
The main issues of intelligent system construction drawing design
A. lack of completeness and completeness
The construction drawing design document is mainly composed of the following parts:
Drawing Catalogue; List of Major Equipment and Materials; General Instructions for Design and Construction; Plan
System diagram; Schematic diagram; Detail of weak machine room; Detail of weak shaft
Other details, such as conference rooms, multimedia classrooms, access maps, etc.
In the in-depth design stage, the following design documents may be needed:
Installation drawing; assembly drawing; wiring diagram (cabinet, equipment termination drawing); cable table; basic drawing
Some engineering project intelligent system construction drawing design documents are not complete, some even have only plans, but no system diagram; some design and construction general instructions do not: in particular, lack of major equipment and material tables and various detailed drawings. Some projects in the deepening of the design stage, and even the engineering as-built drawings also lack the actual installation, wiring diagrams, only the architectural design institute of the construction plans for some minor adjustments or changes, the management of the future maintenance, expansion problems.
Unclear labeling of intelligent design drawings
1. The signing bar is not complete, and some unit drawing signs do not meet the national standards.
The project name and project name lack uniqueness. Missing project number. The layout of the drawing number is disordered and irregular. The signature and date are not marked in full. Missing sign
2. There is no treatment for the architectural plan provided by the architectural design unit. Generally speaking, the plan of the building should be treated as follows:
Delete the fine-sized, unrelated text: the shear wall, the pillar blur; the desalination of the building line: but can not delete the text, elevation, axis and number of the building plane function.
3, did not pay attention to line thickness, graphic symbols, text font size, generally reflected as the text is too small, thin lines, graphic symbols are too small. The principle is to highlight weak current lines, graphic symbols and text. Some units did not pay attention to the placement of drawing graphics, and all parts of the drawing were virtually even and not heavy.
4, did not pay attention to the size of the map. In the general construction drawing design document, the ratio of the floor plan is 1:100, but the maximum frame size is A0, and the rest is generally A1. It was found that the use of A3 maps by a large number of units was inappropriate. In general, the main maps of a set of drawings are two kinds, ie, A1 and A2; if the building has a large volume, the plan is A0.
5, the main issues of the drawings directory
The project name, project name and drawing are inconsistent; the drawing name is inconsistent with the drawing: the drawing is inconsistent with the drawing;
All design documents are not listed, such as the general map of air defenses that need to be quoted.
6, the main equipment and material table main problems
incomplete;
The main technical performance indicators of the equipment are not indicated;
There is an inconsistency between the quantity and the drawings;
It is generally not allowed to specify the model of the equipment, but there are contradictions in the relevant regulations.
Some organizations believe that there are equipment configuration lists in the design bid documents, so the main equipment and material tables will not appear in the design documents, resulting in incomplete design documents.
7, design and construction of the main issues
The general design and construction instruction is a very important drawing. Anybody who has seen this one drawing has a complete understanding of the intelligent system of the entire project. However, some unit designers do not pay enough attention to it, resulting in many problems.
Lack of project overview. The project location, surrounding roads, total building area, total height, number of floors, presence or absence of basement, main functions of each floor, and intelligent system design goals should be briefly introduced.
The design basis is incomplete. The design basis shall include the current national standards, norms, and industry standards: the power of attorney for the design of the construction unit, the design mission statement, and the contract; the minutes of the meeting on design review, coordination, etc.; the construction drawings and modifications of the majors of architecture and water, electricity, and heating Design documents.
There are problems with the design criteria: omission of major design criteria, inclusion of outdated standards, incorrect standard numbers, and no-notes.
The design scope is not clear. The systems that are not included in this design should be noted. For example, telecommunications, television and other subsystems are designed by telecommunications, radio and television and other relevant departments. All subsystems involved in this design must be listed. It is sometimes easy to miss UPS power systems, lightning protection systems, and grounding systems.
In the description of sub-systems, sometimes the subsystem descriptions and the names of the subsystems listed in the design scope are not uniform and the order is inconsistent. The following problems mainly exist in the subsystem description:
1. The construction equipment monitoring system does not introduce the electrical and mechanical equipments of this project. In particular, the operating characteristics of the air-conditioning system are not described; the cold and heat sources, VAV, VRV, air conditioning units, new fan units, fan coils, etc. shall all be described; Changes in distribution, water supply, hot water, pure water systems, drainage systems, ventilation systems, public lighting, outdoor lighting, elevators, etc. should all explain what monitoring methods are adopted; monitoring system scale points, pipeline laying requirements, BAS central control room Set the position, etc.
2. In the communication network system, use the module office, program-controlled switchboard, and telephone cable transfer box to indicate the configuration principles of the voice information point, the connection with the telecommunication bureau, the total number of points, and the location of the engine room. There are mobile communication blind area coverage systems, wireless intercom systems, and so on.
3, the computer network system uses which access method, network topology, the core layer, convergence layer, access layer network switch settings, data points configuration principles, the total number of points, wireless access network, room location and other instructions.
4. The integrated cabling system should be based on the work area, horizontal wiring subsystems, vertical subsystems, equipment rooms, management, and building group subsystems. Feng distribution frame, floor distribution frame set, horizontal cable category, vertical trunk cable, large logarithmic copper cable, patch panel patching, modular, etc. have to explain. The horizontal cable shall not exceed 90m horizontal distance between the information point and the outer edge of the power socket.
5, the cable television system should explain the use of 860MHZ two-way adjacent frequency transmission mode, centralized branch distributor mode, television terminal level and image display level, cable television room location.
6. The public broadcasting system shall indicate that the background sound is compatible with the fire emergency broadcast field sounder, automatically switch the floor fire control linkage module in the weak well, install the location of the volume adjustment switch, etc.; broadcast the location of the engine room; and outdoor broadcast.
7. There are many contents of the security system. Closed-circuit television monitoring systems, burglar alarm systems, entrance and exit control systems, access control systems, and patrol systems all have to describe the main features and technologies used. The number of front-end installation points is specified, and the location of the engine room.
8. Main characteristics of all the subsystems set in the design This general description should be referred to, such as the parking lot management system, large-screen display and touch-sensitive information search system: shell, digital conference system, and system integration.
9, UPS power system, lightning protection system, grounding system in any project have this aspect, but some units often do not pay attention to, will not explain. The UPS power system must indicate where the power is drawn from, the UPS capacity, voltage level, power supply range, and the backup time of the power distribution battery for several hours. The lightning protection system is illustrated by the lightning protection of the power supply and the lightning protection of the information system. The grounding system should indicate the partial equipotential bonding of the weak motor room, the grounding trunk of the weak electric shaft, the specification of the copper wire for the special grounding cable, the grounding resistance value of the integrated grounding method, the metal bridge grounding, and the total equipotential bonding.
10. Pipeline laying is easy to omit, adopt pipe specifications and bridge specifications. The underground layer generally does not allow the use of thin-walled wire and pipe, such as KBG, JDG, DG pipe; etc., open-coated pipe; galvanized steel pipe is generally used: the bridge is generally used trough.
11. Other issues that need to be explained, such as the standard atlas reference for reference.
12. Some projects are only included in the system's conventional construction practices and are lacking in targetedness for this project: some projects may even lack general instructions for design and construction.
Plan main issues
The floor plan reflects Feng if it is front-end layout and racks, pipelines, there are many problems in the design.
1. The pipelines for buildings, such as telephone, network and television, are not marked on the incoming line; the rigid waterproof casing is not laid on the line through the underground wall shear wall; the spacing, line spacing and elevation of the missing pipes are missing; Injection well size, size from the wall.
2. Building outlet pipelines, such as pipelines between buildings, outdoor broadcast audio, and outdoor monitoring pipelines are not marked.
3. There are some mistakes in the indoor layout. Some of the illustrations show two or more different types of equipment. If the installation height of the same equipment is different, different legends should be used.
4, the bridge draws the specifications, but the lack of models, can not distinguish is trough, tray type or ladder type, lack of note more common. The pipeline draws a straight line, whether it passes through the bathroom or the pipeline well; some pipelines cross the substation.
5, the pipeline ins and outs did not explain clearly, some of the pipeline to the bridge pull, and some pull from the weak wells, without annotated text description. Some even drew the front-end note from the floor of the XX room and did not use graphical symbols to represent routes.
6, the vertical pipeline laying along the wall through the absence of arrows indicate floor; I do not know where to lead, where to lead, lack of text labels.
7. Partially annotate pipelines and laying methods on the floor plan, pass through the air defense walls, settlement joints (expansion joints) and other unmarked; use thin-walled tubes in the basement. Some use the same set of drawings in English, such as TC, SC, RC, DG, DA, and pinyin. Different lines are not marked with different line types.
8, lack of equipment installation height annotation.
9. It is suggested that an equipment table be listed on the side of the figure in the plan view, indicating the legend, name, model specification, quantity, and installation method. The installation height is clear.
System diagram major issues
1. The system diagram will be designed as a schematic diagram, and some will even use the map on the product promotion materials of the manufacturer to move it over. There is nothing on the map except the equipment graphic symbol.
2, the depth is not enough. Such as the integrated wiring system diagram, only the voice point, data point graphic symbols, the number of non-note: the pipeline is not Note: The distribution frame is only a graphical symbol, no note card connection, modular, logarithm or port number, the number of distribution frames: Enclosure not numbered 19â€, height. No vertical core cable number, multi-mode or single-mode, number of roots; large logarithm copper untried type, logarithm, and number: vertical tray un-noted model specifications, etc. BA system In the figure, the number of DDC points is unclear. The DDC is not listed in the sensor and valve line of the controlled device. The DDC controller power supply is not in place.
3. In the cable television system, the lack of level calculation, distribution splitters, and television front-end boxes are represented by boxes, and what kind of components are set in the box is not clear, and only the connection box is used for labeling.
4. There is no fire-fighting linkage module and volume adjustment switch in the public broadcasting system, and the pipeline is unclear. How to switch to fire emergency radio is not clear.
5, lack of distribution system diagram, in the system diagram of the need to use only the power box, where the source of power is unclear. For example, where the camera uses the ~24V power supply from the closed-circuit television monitoring system, the location of the 12V DC power supply for the detector in the anti-theft alarm system is unclear. What components are unclear in the security junction box?
6. In the system diagram, equipment room equipment, such as network equipment room, BAS central control room, and monitoring center equipment specifications and quantity are not marked.
7, lack of lightning protection equipment in the system diagram.
8, lack of grounding map. The weak cabinet room floor to the ground terminal box, the ground terminal box to the grounding copper ground wire and the pipe are not marked. The total equipotential bonding terminal box is not shown.
9. It is recommended that trunk cables be numbered and clearly marked on the floor plan.
The main problem of the schematic
1. Incomplete, not fully represented in the monitoring system of the electromechanical equipment in the BA system.
2. It is not clear in the schematic diagram of fan and
Water Pump monitoring that the control box is equipped with several fans and several pumps. The standard atlas alone indicates that the actual conditions of the project have not been met. Uninjected control box number, no note of the electrical-XX picture number.
3, substation equipment monitoring schematic diagram is basically not drawn, may not see substation high and low voltage distribution system diagram.
4, public lighting circuit monitoring schematics are also lacking, it is not clear which of several lighting boxes to monitor.
5, submersible sewage pump collection wells ultra-high liquid level alarm is basically not set.
6. Air-conditioning monitoring did not communicate with HVAC professional designers.
Details of the main issues
Details include weak motor room details, weak electric shaft details, conference system details, multi-media classroom details, and access control system diagrams. The main problem is that the details are unknown.
1. The detailed drawing of the weak motor room only shows the equipment. The size and dimensions of the equipment cabinet, the spacing between the cabinets, the size of the cabinet from the wall, and even the size of the equipment room are not marked. Room and bridge access routes are not shown. Room power box and power socket are not shown. Partial equipotential bonding in the equipment room, ground terminal box, and grounding wire are not shown. The detailed ratio of the engine room is generally 1: 50.
2. There is also the problem of incomplete dimensioning in the details of weak shafts. In particular, the net size of the weak shaft (weak room) is missing, there are equipment installation heights, bridge specifications, pipeline numbers, grounded trunk copper bars, ground terminal boxes, and power outlets. In one unit design, there is a diagram of the vertical surface of the weak electric shaft. The installation height of the equipment on each floor is marked. The size of the bridge and the size of the pipeline are marked. It looks clearer and is recommended. The details of weak electric shafts are generally 1:25.
3. There are some incomplete annotations in other related details such as the installation height of the projector, the distance from the electric screen, the installation height of the speaker, etc., as well as the laying of pipelines, especially along the floor or along the ceiling.
Reasons for poor design quality of construction drawings
1. The designers do not understand the architectural design. They do not understand the drawings as engineering languages. They do not pay attention to the quality of the drawings.
2. Some system integrators believe that the design and construction will be undertaken by their own company, as long as the construction can be done; but the design of the drawings, in addition to the construction units, must be looked at by the construction and supervision units.
3, designers lack of knowledge, only the scope of the professional, power distribution, lightning protection, grounding: the electrical, water supply and drainage, HVAC professionals are not familiar with. Some unit designers have a fine division of labor. It is best to stand on one point, take into account comprehensiveness, and understand everything.
4, designers do not understand well-designed, meticulous construction, do not pay attention to the design of the drawings, lack of professionalism, lack of sense of responsibility. Architectural design is a lifelong responsibility system.
5. Some units do not pay attention to quality management, lack of auditing, or the auditing is not serious. It is usually a second-school second-school audit, self-school, mutual school, audit, and validation. Each post performs its own duties, a set of drawings 3-4 designers signature. Some units have signed a review and examination, but they have not seen the drawings and are not responsible.
6, a small number of leaders do not attach importance to the design, only the market, bidding, do not pay attention to the design and construction. After leaving the school, he took up the job without training. Usually do not pay attention to training.
Conclusion
The intelligent system construction drawing design is an important link. The construction unit should construct according to the drawings. The supervision unit shall supervise the drawing and provide the construction unit with the construction quality. Regardless of whether it is an architectural design institute or a system integrator, it is necessary to pay attention to the design quality so that there will be less holes in the construction, less rework, and less influence on the project quality. We believe that as long as the leaders at all levels attach importance to the design of dedicated, well-designed, meticulous construction, we will certainly be able to improve the architectural intelligent system engineering design quality and engineering technology level, hoping that the industry colleagues work together.
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