Tires are an amazing engineering part. When rotating at high speed on smooth curves, their contact area with the road surface is only a few square centimeters, but it can help the driver to safely control the corners. In the past, tires were made entirely of natural rubber . Today, its ingredients also include rubber-like polymers, steel fabric layers and reinforced fabrics, all of which can improve tire performance and reduce fuel consumption. At present, Italian tire manufacturer Pirelli is producing a more environmentally friendly energy-saving tire by extracting production materials from rice shells. A coup that saves fuel is reducing rolling resistance. The rolling resistance is partly due to the continued compression of the tire by the vehicle. As the tire rebounds against the squeeze force, kinetic energy is transferred to heat to generate kinetic energy. Mixing powdered materials with strong chemical bonds in the tire's rubber can reduce this phenomenon known as "hysteresis loss." In the past, the alternative material was carbon black, a black substance formed after incomplete combustion of petroleum products. In recent years, silica (silica extracted from sandy soil) has come to the fore. The better reason for silica is that it can reduce hysteresis loss without lowering the tire's grip. Compared with its predecessors, it can reduce rolling resistance by 30% and reduce energy consumption by 5% to 7%. And, silica can also increase the tire's wet grip. The rise of Brazil Sand is cheap, but processing it into materials suitable for tires requires energy and money. Therefore, if nature can provide suitable silica particles without processing, it will be an additional reward. Nature can provide it. Grass contains trace amounts of silica, called vegetal rocks, whose function is to prevent herbivores such as vertebrates and insects. Pirelli engineers realized that these defensive weapons have the ideal size for tire additives to control the hysteresis loss, while rice shells left by grinding rice provide a stable supply. Rice shells were once waste. Today, as a fuel for small-scale power stations, it has some value. But in Pirelli's view, they are a good thing, because the company is interested in the residual plant rock in the rice shell ash. Until now, the ash itself is still of little use value. To extract plant rock and add it to the tires, the company has built a factory in Meleiro, a small town in the rice growing area of ​​southern Brazil. In order to extract vegetated rocks, burning rice husks can provide power to the factory. One ton of rice can produce about 200 kilograms of rice husks. These rice husks can produce 40 kilograms of silica. According to Daniele Lorenzetti, head of the project, by 2015, one-third of the silica that Pirelli needs for 400,000 tons of tires produced in Brazil will come from this factory. This technology will be rapidly disseminated, especially in other rice growing areas. For Brazilians, this is too ironic. Because the Amazon rainforest was once the birthplace of rubber trees, Brazil’s rubber industry was hit hard when rubber trees were smuggled in Asia and established competitive plantations there. But now, by using Asian crops to make better tires, Brazilians will be able to revenge.
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