Direct and indirect determination of the area index of leaf area

Directly and indirectly determining the area of ​​leaf area index The concept of leaf area index was established in the mid 1940s. British agroecologist Watson first defined the concept of leaf area index as the area of ​​single-sided plant photosynthesis per unit area of ​​land. sum. The size of the leaf area index is affected by the size of these areas and the type of vegetation, growth period, blade angle, leaf cluster and non-leaf biomass, but also by the definition of the leaf area index and the determination method. The method of measuring leaf area index can be divided into direct measurement and indirect measurement.
Direct measurement: It is a traditional and destructive method. The leaf area index obtained by direct measurement of leaf area can be used as an effective verification of indirect methods. There are also measurement methods that do not damage plant leaves, but This measurement method consumes a long time. The representative methods of this measurement are: grid method, gravimetric weighing method, instrument measurement method (specific instruments include handheld leaf area meter, portable leaf area meter, etc. The former can measure the leaves without damage, The plant will cause some damage to the plant). The direct assay method is still in use today, but this assay method is not suitable for the determination of large area leaf area index.
Indirect measurement: It uses some measurement parameters or optical instrument to obtain the leaf area index, which is convenient and quick to measure, but it still needs to be corrected by the direct method. This measurement method includes: point contact method, deciduous collection method, layered harvesting method, empirical formula method, remote sensing method, and optical instrument method. Each of these measurement methods has certain limitations. For example, the advantage of the empirical formula method is that the measurement parameters are easy to obtain, the damage to the plants is small, and the efficiency is high. However, the empirical formula is specific and not suitable for any tree species. Therefore, the The application of the law has certain limitations. Its accuracy is still measured by comparison with the direct measurement method.
In agriculture we use the leaf area meter by hand to measure the leaf area index. The main reason is that the area of ​​measurement in agriculture is relatively small, and this measurement method is more accurate.

    A power tool is a tool that is actuated by an additional power source and mechanism other than the solely manual labor used with hand tools. The most common types of power tools use electric motors. Internal combustion engines and compressed air are also commonly used. Other power sources include steam engines, direct burning of fuels and propellants,or even natural power sources like wind or moving water. Tools directly driven by animal power are not generally considered power tools. Power tools are used in industry, in construction, in the garden, for housework tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and around the house for purposes of driving (fasteners), drilling, cutting, shaping, sanding, grinding, routing, polishing, painting, heating and more. Such power tool requires aluminium component which are made by diecasting process. Xinyu is capable to provide all types of power tool component HPDC dies

power tool dies

     XINYU MOULD was founded in 2002, has been developed into a scaled comprehensive company which is capable of offering alum. die casting dies' design,fabrication and die casting components,it's situated in High-end mould Industrial Zone, Beilun where is reputed to be "China die casting mould hometown",when it comes to power tools, like cutting tool,their frames/housings of most of them are made of Alum. die casting,XINYU MOULD,the prestigious die casting dies' maker is providing high quality die casting dies to world leading power tool maker, any demand, please feel free to contact us.



Xinyu Mould Capabilities

  • Xinyu Mould At Glance

1.Year Of Establishment:2002

2.Location:2 (One Is Brand New)

3.Land Area:3600sqm

4.Emplyees:120

5. Equipment;CNC:18 (Makino, Toshiba, Liyang ), WEDM:10, EDM:9, Spotting Machine:2, CMM:2, Gun Drill Machine:2, Die Casting Machine:7, Others:50


  • Xinyu Mould Technical Profile

1. Engineers In 2d&3d: 16

2. Engineers In Cnc Programming:6

3.File Format For 2d: Dwg&Dxf

4.File Format For 3d:Iges&Step

5.Software For 2d:CAD

6.Software For 3d:Simens NX & Pro-E 

7.Software For Programming: Powermill

8.Software For Mould Flow: Magma 


  • Xinyu Mould Process Control

1.MES Process Control System

2.IATF 16949 Quality System

3.Well-Trained Operators

4.CMM Inspection 


  • Xinyu Mould Advantages

1. CAE Support Magma(Lid 18175001)

2.Rich Experience In Casting Dies For Auto Structual Parts,Powertrain;Oil Pan;Redirector; AC Compressor

3.Trial Run Machines Available In House From 160t To 1600t

4.Vaccum Venting System Application In Dies

5. Partial Squeeze Skill In Dies

6.High Precision Imported CNC(5 Axis)

7.Globalized Hr Concept 

  • Xinyu Mould Die Capacity

1.Max Die Size:2500*2500*1800

2.Max Die Tonnage:2500t

3.Biggest Die Casting Machine:1600t

4.Most Complex Die: 11slides

5.Yearly Capacity:350sets 


  • Xinyu Mould Marketing

1.Main Market:Na;Europe;Asia

2.Main Field: Auto;Telecommunication;

Lighting;General Machinery;Power Tool

Furniture

3.Partner Offering After Sales Service:

Available In India&Us,Europe

4.Business Involved:

Aluminum Die Casting Dies

Aluminum Die Casting Components 


  • Xinyu Mould Commercial Terms&Conditions

1. Fob Ningbo/Shanghai

2.Payment Term:Tt

3.For Dies:50% Down Payment 50% Prior To Delivery

4. For Castings: 10% Down Payment

The Rest Within 30days After b/l Date

5.Leadtime For Quotation:2days

6.Feedback For Customers' Query:24hours



Power Tool Die

Power Tool Die,Power Tool Circular Saw Die,Power Housing Die Casting Die,Power Tool Aluminium Cover Die

Ningbo Beilun XinYu Mould Manufacturing Co.Ltd. , http://www.xinyudiecasting.com